The Role of Gender Norms in Transforming Dairy Farming and Empowering Women in Ethiopia: A Review

Gender norms play a pivotal role in shaping agricultural practices and productivity in Ethiopia, particularly within the dairy farming sector. In rural Ethiopian communities, traditional gender roles often dictate the division of labor, resources, and decision-making power, with women typically responsible for milking, processing, and selling dairy products, while men control livestock ownership and financial decisions. These gendered divisions impact not only the productivity of dairy farming but also the economic and social well-being of women. This review examines the influence of gender norms on dairy farming practices and the resulting implications for productivity in Ethiopia. It explores the barriers women face in accessing resources, training, and decision-making opportunities, and highlights how these gendered constraints limit their ability to optimize dairy production. Additionally, the review discusses the broader social and economic implications, including the reinforcement of gender inequalities, reduced financial independence for women, and potential impacts on household nutrition. The paper suggests that addressing these issues through policy reforms, improved access to resources and training for women, and shifts in societal attitudes toward gender roles can enhance both women's empowerment and overall dairy productivity. Ultimately, promoting gender equality in dairy farming could contribute to more sustainable and inclusive agricultural development in Ethiopia.