Effectiveness of Various Plant Crude Extract on Controlling Parasitic Ciliates (Colpoda sp.) Affecting Fishes

Aquaculture plays a crucial role in the national economy of many countries. Ciliate protozoans are recognized as economically significant parasites in fish aquaculture. Colpodean ciliates are particularly abundant and are commonly found in terrestrial settings such as soils, leaf litter, and mosses. Diseases are recognized as significant impediments to sustainable animal production, leading to substantial economic losses, particularly in the aquaculture sector. Traditional medicinal plants offer a promising alternative for controlling various diseases in aquaculture. This study examined the efficacy of several plant extracts, including tobacco, neem paste, rue seeds, thyme seeds, and pepper seeds, in managing ciliates. Among the tested plant extracts, Colpoda cultures treated with rue seeds demonstrated the highest effectiveness.