Harad (Terminalia chebula Retz.): A Potential Candidate for Reversible Contraception in Male

Aims: The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the contraceptive potential of Harad (Terminalia chebula Retz.) with respect to dose and reversibility in male albino mice.

Study Design: Aqueous bark extract of Harad was administered orally at 100 (G III), 300 (G IV) and 500 (G V) mg/kg BW to males for 35 d. At the end of the experiment, partially anesthetized animals in treated groups (G I-V) were sacrificed at 24 h after the last treatment, while those in recovery groups (G VI-VII) were sacrificed together at 42 d after the last treatment after recording their final body weights.

Methodology: A total of 35 adult (age 12-14 w) male laboratory albino mice of proven fertility belonging to the Parkes (P) strain weighing 28-38 g were used in the investigation. The effect of Harad treatment was studied by evaluating alterations in the histology of the testis and accessory sex organs, sialic acid and fructose levels, sperm, and fertility parameters. Toxicological and recovery studies were also carried out.

Results: Harad treatment caused dose-related histological alterations in reproductive organs accompanied by reductions in weights, a decrease in the height of germinal epithelium as well as the diameter of stage VII tubules, and an increase in the percent frequency of affected seminiferous tubules in testes. Treatment showed an adverse effect on biochemical and sperm parameters; libido was not affected, but fertility was suppressed significantly in Harad-treated males compared to controls. However, 42 d after treatment withdrawal, alterations in reproductive end points and fertility recovered to control levels. Body and organ weights, histoarchitecture of vital organs, levels of ALT, AST, and creatinine, and hematological parameters remained unchanged after Harad's treatment.

Conclusion: The results suggest that Harad causes dose-dependent reversible contraception in male albino mice without any toxicity.