Assessment of Deltamethrin Toxicity and Behavioral Effects in Albino Rats

Background: The present study investigated the deleterious effects on behavior in albino rats, including motor coordination abilities and overall activity. Deltamethrin is a commonly used synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, so understanding its potential effects on both humans and animals is crucial for ensuring safety in agricultural, residential, and public health settings. Comprehensive studies on its toxicological and behavioral impacts can contribute to risk assessments, regulatory decisions, and the development of safety guidelines and mitigation strategies.

Methods: Deltamethrin was administered intraperitoneal in adult wistar albino rats (250- 270 gm), in the dose of 0.5 mg/kg/ body weight for a month. All rats were observed for behavioral and toxicological symptoms. Body weight and rectal temperature were measured. The open field behavior, social interaction test, landing foot splay, and forelimb and hindlimb grip test for neuromuscular function were done.

Results: Present study showed reduced locomotors activity but not motor coordination. In this respect, the most important response to increased emotionality in the open field is freezing behavior, with a consequent decrease in locomotion frequency parallel to an increase in immobility. Experimental rats showed signs of mild to moderate variety of behavior and toxicological symptoms characterized by decreased food intake and salivation, motor incoordination, looping, weaving etc. Deltamethrin treated rats showed statistical significant decrease in body weight. There was decreased locomotor and rearing frequency but increased duration of immobility. The social interaction was decreased and large foot angle was seen in treated rats. Delayed onset of reflexes was also observed.

Conclusion: The present study, thus, shows a great deal of variability in the toxicity and motor coordination in deltamethrin exposed rats. Deltamethrin treated rats exhibited significant deficits in motor abilities, coordination, and overall activity, as measured by footprint analysis and open field indicate that exposure to deltamethrin can have long-lasting motor and cognitive consequences.