Tree Canopy Architecture and Engineering: Physiological and Molecular Aspects

The fruit industry is a vital part of the agricultural economy, and the quality and quantity of crops depend heavily on the science of tree canopy architecture and engineering. The canopy is the most important part of a fruit tree as it affects photosynthesis, fruit quality, and yield. The study of canopy architecture and engineering increased in importance due to the need for efficient agricultural practices that optimize fruit production while reducing the environmental impact. Factors that influence canopy architecture, such as light, water, and nutrient availability, genetic makeup of the plants, hormones, management practices and innovative engineering techniques can optimize orchard management. Canopy can managed by the using different types of pruning (Proper pruning can enhance light penetration, airflow, and disease management, ultimately leading to higher yields and healthier fruits), thinning, by using dwarfing rootstocks and training (such as central leader system, modified central leader system and open Centre system etc.) and also by using the growth retardant & regulators and through gene regulation for higher yield as well as quality improvement.