Correlation Analysis of Serum Magnesium Levels with Renal Parameters in AKI Patients

This chapter aimed to correlate serum magnesium levels with renal parameters in patients with Acute kidney injury (AKI) patients.

AKI is a prevalent condition with a range of causes and effects, including electrolyte imbalances that can manifest as hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia, or hypocalcemia depending on the stage. One of the most frequent electrolyte abnormalities seen in hospitalized patients, particularly in the critically ill, is hypomagnesemia. As a result, we made the decision to investigate the relationship between serum magnesium levels and AKI.

A total of 100 patients from those attending medicine OPD and getting admitted in medicine ward, Victoria &Bowring hospital, attached to Bangalore medical college and research institute, during the period of November 1st 2016 to august 30th 2018 was taken for the study. The decrease in magnesium <1.7 mg/L was defined as hypomagnesaemia. AKI was defined as per AKIN criteria. Day 1, day 3 and day 6 magnesium levels were measured.

Prevalence of hypomagnesemia was 53%, 30% and 36% on day 1, day 3 and day 6 respectively. Out of 120 cases, 20 cases were excluded out of which 4 were due to obstructive uropathy, 6 were suffering from multi-organ dysfunction syndrome and 10 were diabetic. 66patients recovered from AKI and 34 did not recover, all 34 patients were treated with haemodialysis. It was observed that there was a positive correlation between serum magnesium, and serum creatinine. Normomagnesemia and hypermagnesemia on day 1,3 and 6 were significantly associated with recovery of AKI (p=<0.001).

In AKI patients, hypomagnesemia was far more common, and recovery was correlated with normal magnesium and hypermagnesium levels on days 1, 3, and 6. Hypomagnesemia was linked to non recovery rather than improvement.