The Effectiveness and Performance of BT Cotton's Insecticidal Properties under Various Abiotic Stresses: A Review

Over the past two decades, biotechnology has yielded Bt cotton, a huge success in the field of agriculture. In a number of countries, commercial Bt crop production has proven successful. The global food scarcity crisis has been alleviated by transgenic Bt crops, which have improved agricultural productivity. The Bt cotton crop displays variable levels of insect resistance to several environmental abiotic circumstances, including high temperatures, salt in the soil, water logging and scarcity, inadequate nitrogen supply, and humidity. It has been demonstrated that these components lessen the transgenic crop's endotoxin protein level, which in turn reduces the insecticidal efficacy of the crop. In unfavourable climatic conditions, plants have altered nitrogen metabolism and pain in their physiological systems. This article has discussed some of the primary stresses that Bt cotton encounters as well as the underlying mechanisms that explain its variable insecticidal efficacy under both single and combination pressures. While several important elements are covered in this study, such as gene silencing, post transcriptional changes, and protein breakdown, the most important aspect of this field that still need investigation is nitrogen metabolism. A thorough meta-analysis table provides an overview of the several significant research that have been carried out to examine the impacts of stress. A comprehensive study technique is needed to clarify the metabolic and physiological changes that transpire in transgenic cotton crops under high stress. In order to increase the production and performance of the cotton crop worldwide, more research is needed to address the unpredictable insect resistance of Bt crops.