A Complete Set of 22 Elementary Particles for an Expanded Standard Model

Our best understanding of how the known elementary particles and three of the forces
(electromagnetic, weak and strong) are related to each other and explain the nature and behavior of
matter is encapsulated in the Standard Model of particle physics. However, the Standard Model is
incomplete as it fails to explain a number of phenomena. The Standard Model relies on a set of
elementary particles which are also known to be incomplete. This paper presents a complete set of
elementary particles to serve as the basis for an expanded Standard Model. This model consists of 22
particles at 3 energy levels. It includes both matter particles, force particles and several gravity/mass
particles which do not interact with the known forces other than with gravity. It also provides a means
to calculate particle masses. Such a model sheds some light on where we might look to find more
particles. Among the model’s predictions are (i) a heavier Higgs–like particle at 6.13 times the Higgs
mass, (ii) heavy dark matter particles at about 0.55 and 3.8 GeV, and (iii) light dark matter particles at
around 11 and 357 MeV. The model also yields a photon wavelength very close to the Planck length
derived using only the electron mass and without any knowledge of the gravitational constant.