Malignant Bowel Neoplasms - Imaging Findings

Bowel malignant neoplasms, particularly colorectal carcinomas, are the third most prevalent cause of death worldwide. When evaluating malignant bowel neoplasms, computed tomography (CT) is crucial. The intestinal lumen is assessed by computed tomography during an examination of the gastrointestinal system, which also shows the intestinal wall, surrounding tissues, and solid viscera. Here, we evaluate the malignant neoplasms of the small and large intestines with a suitable scanning protocol and technique. We also define the various computed tomographic findings in malignant bowel neoplasms, extraintestinal involvement to stage intestinal neoplasms, and to as accurately characterize the tumor histologically as possible in this book chapter.The length of the diseased intestinal segment, the degree of intestinal wall thickening, extraintestinal involvement, and other computed tomographic findings to stage bowel neoplasms and characterization of tumor histologically were all evaluated in the current observational study, which involved 38 patients who had been diagnosed with bowel neoplasm through biopsy. The most frequent site of involvement in the small intestine is the ileum (13%), whereas the most frequent site in the large intestine is the rectum (39%). Bowel segment involvement occurs more frequently in short (71.1%) than in long segments (28.9%). More regularly (86.8%) than eccentric wall thickening (13.2%) and circumferential wall thickening, 44% of cases had lymph node involvement, while 28.9% of patients had liver metastases. In 10.5% of cases, local invasion involving nearby structures was observed. The most frequent histological subtype, adenocarcinoma, was present in 60.5% of cases, followed by lymphoma in 23.6% of cases, mucinous adenocarcinoma in 10.5% of cases, and gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) in 5.2% of cases. It is possible to characterize tumors using computed tomographic imaging findings such as involved intestine, length of the diseased intestinal segment, degree of intestinal wall thickening, extraintestinal involvement, and the association between CT imaging findings and histological type, which can be a beneficial guide in the diagnosis of malignant neoplasms of the small and large intestine.