A Review on the Role of Berberine in Addition to Methimazole Compare to Methimazole Alone in the Treatment of Graves’ Disease

This chapter aim to highlight the role of Berberine in Addition to Methimazole Compare to Methimazole Alone in the Treatment of Graves’ Disease (GD). GD is the most common form of hyperthyroidism. The disease has a complicated pathophysiology, and autoimmunity is important. Thyroid-stimulating Hormone (TSH) overproduction from the hyperactive thyroid gland is caused by antibodies that stimulate the thyrotropin receptor (TRAb). It has a negative impact on the cardiovascular system, eyesight, bones, and other systems throughout the body. The disease is treated with anti-thyroid drugs, radioactive iodine, or thyroid surgery, each of which has advantages and disadvantages. In this chapter, we will look at the newly discovered function of the gut-thyroid axis in the pathophysiology of GD. The role of the probiotic Berberine added to the anti-thyroid medicine Methimazole in modifying the gut microbiota by increasing beneficial bacteria and lowering detrimental bacteria in the gut is described. Anti-inflammatory cytokines may be increased and inflammatory cytokines may be decreased as a result, which can regulate the immune system more quickly and effectively than with treatment with methimazole alone. Through its impact on the gut-thyroid axis, this therapy regimen may finally cause the TRAb to vanish more quickly, and GD to go into remission and be cured.